![]() ![]() These results indicate that the chronic effects of TBI are associated with abnormal brain activation during successful response inhibition. Covariance analyses controlling for the effects of education and self-reported psychological symptoms did not alter the brain activation findings. ![]() Specifically, the milTBI group demonstrated more activation than the milCON group when failing to inhibit in contrast, the civTBI group exhibited less activation than the civCON group. In contrast, inhibitory failures showed significant interaction effects in the bilateral inferior temporal, left superior temporal, caudate, and cerebellar regions. During correct inhibitions, fMRI activation was lower in the TBI than CON subjects in regions commonly associated with inhibitory control and the default mode network. Brain activation was evaluated with 2 (mil, civ)×2 (TBI, CON) analyses of variance, corrected for multiple comparisons. Participants completed the Stop Signal Task (SST), a measure of inhibitory control, while undergoing fMRI. ![]() Mild to moderate TBI (MTBI) occurred 1 to 6 years before enrollment. Four groups participated: (1) blast-related military TBI (milTBI n=21) (2) military controls (milCON n=22) (3) non-blast civilian TBI (civTBI n=21) and (4) civilian controls (civCON n=23) with orthopedic injuries. In this study, we used task-activated functional MRI (fMRI) to determine if blast-related TBI has a differential impact on brain activation in comparison with TBI caused primarily by mechanical forces in civilian settings. Military personnel involved in Operations Enduring Freedom and Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) commonly experience blast-induced mild to moderate traumatic brain injury (TBI). ![]()
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